Compression Springs – Product Guide

What Are Compression Springs?

Compression springs are helical components made of metallic wire, primarily used to provide compressive forces and store energy. Their main function is to counteract an applied force or to exert a defined force by being compressed. Once the applied force is removed, the spring returns to its original shape. This mechanism makes compression springs essential in systems that dampen vibrations, control motion, or bear loads.

Construction and Materials

Compression springs are typically made from spring steel, a material known for its high elasticity and fatigue resistance. Common materials include:

• Spring Steel 1.1200: A carbon-based spring steel offering excellent strength for standard applications.

• Stainless Steel 1.4310: Corrosion-resistant and ideal for use in humid or chemically aggressive environments.

• Alloyed Spring Steel: Offers high strength and is often used in demanding applications.

The wire diameter, coil diameter, length, and number of coils determine the spring’s mechanical properties such as spring force and deflection.

Characteristics and Functionality of Compression Springs

Spring Constant / Spring Rate

The spring constant c is a crucial parameter that describes the relationship between the applied force and the deformation of the spring. It is expressed in Newtons per millimeter (N/mm). A high spring constant means that more force is required to compress the spring, while a low constant indicates a softer spring. The spring rate allows for comparison between different springs.

Maximum Load

Each compression spring has a maximum load limit that must not be exceeded to avoid permanent deformation or spring failure. This limit depends on the material, wire diameter, and spring geometry. Different load limits apply for dynamic and static applications.

Fatigue Strength

In applications involving repeated loading, fatigue strength is critical. A well-designed spring can withstand millions of load cycles without losing its properties.

Applications of Compression Springs

Compression springs are used in a wide range of applications, including:

Automotive Industry:

• Suspension systems: Shock absorbers and struts.

• Braking systems: Ensuring consistent braking force.

• Locking systems

• Return systems

Mechanical Engineering:

• Clamping devices: Fixing workpieces.

• Valve systems: Controlling fluid or gas flows.

Medical Technology:

• Syringes and dosing devices: Ensuring controlled movement.

Consumer Goods:

• Ballpoint pens: Ink retraction mechanism.

• Household appliances: Damping, switches, and motion control.

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Choosing the Right Compression Spring

Key Criteria

Selecting the right compression spring is crucial for system functionality. Key factors include:

• Load Requirements:

  • What forces act on the spring?

  • What is the required deflection?

• Material Requirements:

  • Is corrosion resistance necessary?

  • Are there high temperature demands?

• Size Constraints:

  • What dimensions are possible?

  • Is there enough space for the spring’s movement?

  The available installation space significantly affects the maximum achievable spring force.

• Cycle Count:

  • Will the spring be subjected to frequent repeated loads?

  • What is the expected service life?

Standards and Regulations

In Germany and Europe, standards such as DIN EN 15800 and DIN 2096 apply to compression springs. These standards define the geometric and mechanical requirements that must be followed during the design and production of springs.

Manufacturing Tolerances According to EN 15800

Manufacturing tolerance is a crucial aspect of quality assurance for compression springs, minimizing production deviations and ensuring consistent functionality. The EN 15800 standard specifies precise tolerances for geometric dimensions and mechanical properties to ensure high manufacturing accuracy.