Three main types of wave spring washers

Wave spring washers (stamped and coiled)

Wavy spring washers are characterized by their sinusoidal shape, which is created either through stamping or coiling processes. The triple wave shape provides a three-point contact when installed, which enables optimal force transmission — for example, when used in bearing applications. These washers can absorb vibrations, resulting in smoother operation and extended service life of ball bearings.

• Stamped Wave Spring Washers: These are punched from metal sheets and precisely shaped. They are robust, cost-effective, and ideal for applications requiring moderate preload.

• Coiled Wave Spring Washers: These variants are formed by spirally coiling a metal strip, creating a continuous wave pattern. They are well-suited for applications where evenly distributed forces are desired.

Advantages:

• High flexibility in design

• Low material usage with high functionality

• Especially suitable for low to medium loads

Typical applications:

• Electrical contacts
• Seals
• Bearing components
• Tolerance compensation

Curved Spring Washers

Curved spring washers have a curved, conical shape, reminiscent of a slightly domed shell. This geometry allows them to withstand higher forces compared to wavy variants. Depending on the friction, a linear force-displacement curve can be assumed. When layered in parallel, the force can be doubled.

Advantages:

• Higher spring force in a compact design

• Stable under shock loads

• Durable even under high stress

Typical Applications:

• Clutches

• Safety valves

• Brake systems

Multi-Wave Spring Washers

Multi-wave spring washers combine multiple wave structures into a single washer. As a result, they offer similar performance to stacked single washers — without actually being stacked. These multi-wave washers are often used as replacements for round-section compression springs where installation height is limited, acting essentially as compression springs with reduced height.

Advantages:

• Higher elasticity and flexibility

• Evenly distributed stress

• Space-saving while still delivering high spring force

Typical Applications:

• Mechanical damping systems

• Transmission systems

• Vibration isolators

Why Choosing the Right Type Matters

Selecting the right wave spring washer depends on several factors:

• Load: What is the magnitude of the axial forces?

• Space: How much installation space is available?

• Service life: What loads must the washer withstand over time?

• Material: Stainless steel, spring steel, or special alloys affect corrosion resistance and mechanical performance.

Our experienced engineers and technicians can help you choose the ideal washer type to maximize the efficiency and durability of your assembly.

How Does the Force-Displacement Curve Look for Wave Spring Washers?

Wave Spring Washers from Series 0W61

• The force/displacement curve of these precision spring washers is considered linear.

• In the first 10% of displacement, and also near the end, the curve shows steeper gradients due to friction with the base material.

All Other Wave Spring Washers

• These washers are used in preloaded applications with medium compression levels.

• This product line has a higher overall height.

• Initial installation may result in higher settling.

• No substantial additional settling occurs after the initial use.

Spring Washer Series 0W61

In our table, force F1 is specified at approximately 50% of the uncompressed height Lo. For static applications with flat installation, double this force can be assumed as the maximum load.

• All versions with more than three waves should not be loaded below L1, as they are designed exclusively for preloaded applications.

• When layered in parallel, the force output can be doubled.